References:


For a comprehensive resource for questions about urban climatology, see:

Oke,T.R., 1987: Boundary Layer Climates. Methuen: London and New York ,435 pp. and Landsberg, H.E., 1981: The Urban Climate. New York: Academic Press, 275 pp.

For more information on supervised classification, refer to:

Richards, J.A., 1993: Remote Sensing Digital Image Processing: An Introduction. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 340 pp.

The following resources were cited in this module:

Anderson, J.R., E.E. Hardy, J.T. Roach, and R.E. Witmer, 1976: A Land Use and Land CoverClassification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964. Washington, DC: USGPO, Department of the Interior.

Carlson, T.N., J.K. Dodd, S.G. Benjamin and J.N. Cooper, 1981: Satellite Estimation of the Surface Energy Balance, Moisture Availability and Thermal Inertia. J. Appl. Meteor., 20(1), 67-87.

Gallo, K.P. and C.S.T. Daughtry, 198 7: Differences in vegetation indices for simulated Landsat- 5 MSS and TM, NOAA-9 AVHRR and SPOT-1 sensor systems. Remote Sens. Environ., 23:439-452.

Gallo, K.P., A.L. McNab, T.R. Karl, J.F. Brown, J.J. Hood, and J.D. Tarpley, 1993a: The Use of NOAA AVHRR Data for Assessment of the Urban Heat Island Effect. J. Appl. Meteor., 32:899-908.

Gallo, K.P., A.L. McNab, T.R. Karl, J.F. Brown, J.J. Hood, and J.D. Tarpley, 1993b: The Use of a Vegetation Index for Assessment of the Urban Heat Island Effect. Intl. J. Remote Sensing, 14:2223-2230.

Gallo, K.P., J.D. Tarpley, A.L. McNab, and T.R. Karl, 1995: Assessment of urban heat islands: asatellite perspective. Atmospheric Research, 37: 37-43.

Goward, S.N., 1981: Thermal Behavior of Urban Landscapes an d the Urban Heat Island. Phys. Geog., 2(1), 19-33.

Karl, T.R., H.F. Diaz, and G. Kukla, 1988: Urbanization: Its Detection and Effect in the United States Climate Record. J. Climate, 1, 1099-1123.

Landsberg, H.E., 1981: The Urban Climate. New York: Academic Press, 275 pp.

Nemani, R.R. and S.W. Running, 1989: Estimation of Regional Surface Resistance to Evapotranspiration from NDVI and Thermal-IR AVHRR Data.J. Appl. Meteor.,28, 276-284.

Price, J.C., 1990: Using Spatial Context in Satellite Data to Infer Regional Scale Evapotranspiration. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(5), 940-948.

Roth, M., T.R. Oke and W.J. Emery, 1989: Satellite-Derived Urban Heat Isla nds From Three Coastal Cities and the Utilization of Such Data in Urban Climatology. Int. J. Remote Sens., 10(11), 1699-1720.